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Essay Writing Guide For Psychology Students

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When Men Cry Grief and Masculinity in the Song of Roland - Literature Essay Samples

Masculine identity in The Song of Roland is grounded in emotional experience. From knights on the battlefield to King Charlemagne, men throughout the poem frequently weep or faint because of the intensity of their emotions. Contrary to expectations of medieval gender roles, male expressions of grief in The Song of Roland are crucial in defining and constructing acceptable forms of manhood. Performances of strong emotion during times of war are central to the male-dominated feuding culture—these descriptions provide a model of honorable conduct for knighthood and a method of legitimizing political acts of violence. Stephen D. White’s essay â€Å"The Politics of Anger† from Anger’s Past: Social Uses of Emotion in the Middle Ages provides important historical context for the analysis of emotion and masculinity. He asserts that men operated under â€Å"well understood conventions about when it was proper to display emotion† (White 137). Emotions typically expressed in the home differed from those considered appropriate among other nobles or on the battlefield. For Roland and his men, grief is especially crucial while at war, because a lack of emotion could be considered an insult to king and country. White also explains that emotion had â€Å"a well-defined place in political scripts† and could serve as a catalyst for political action (152). Grief was a means of garnering sympathy during conflicts, particularly among the male nobility. Descriptions of emotions had the power to â€Å"inspire pity for the alleged victim and provoke anger and violence at the victim izers† (144). In this way, displays of anger or grief acted as a public demonstration of the wrongs that had been suffered and the injury towards one’s honor. Medieval emotion for men was inextricably associated with the politics of the nobility. Representing emotion in literature was not a neutral act, rather these portrayals were used as a strategic tool to moralize conflicts or regain social power. Due to the lack of significant female influence in the narrative, The Song of Roland establishes a form of masculinity that allows for a much broader range of emotional expression. The two named female characters, Aude and Queen Bramimonde, are sidelined from the main conflict and have little agency. Masculine elements of violence, warfare and brotherhood dominate the core of the story, and the manhood of its characters is rarely brought into question. Even the horses are described in exaggerated and competitive terms: â€Å"There is no falcon who’d beat him in a race† (60). This transforms the narrative into a space where male is the cultural default and masculinity is defined in relation only to other men. Because The Song of Roland establishes the masculine identity in a purely male-dominated space, extremes of emotion are deemed more acceptable and natural than if there were female characters to compare it to. Masculinity in The Song of Roland emphasizes an emotional code of conduct that applies to knighthood, suggesting that grief—displayed through physical acts such as crying and fainting—is an honorable response to suffering on the battlefield. Grief is directly tied to the role of knighthood when Roland weeps for his fallen men â€Å"as a true knight would do† (72). In this scene, mourning is shown to be the essential response to tragedy and the ultimate expression of male devotion. The weeping, fainting and suffering of men demonstrates a heightened sense of loyalty to the king and the nation of France. Rather than being a sign of weakness, the emotional sensitivity of Roland, Charlemagne and their knights is shown to exemplify the loyalty and honor of knighthood. Although strong emotion is associated with honor on the battlefield, Ganelon’s portrayal as a dishonorable figure indicates the vital role that context plays in defining acceptable standards of em otion. When Roland laughs at him during a meeting with the King’s closest barons, Ganelon â€Å"suffers such pain he nearly splits with rage† and â€Å"comes close to falling in a faint† (13). He is directly contrasted with Roland in terms of emotional states: Ganelon’s feelings seem to border on hysterical when compared to Roland’s rationality and self-control. While Ganelon demonstrates extreme emotion and its physical manifestations, he does so in a way that is outside the context of war. In this way, Ganelon’s emotions are set apart from those of the characters who exemplify honorable knighthood. His outburst ultimately serves to introduce his most dishonorable act—betraying Roland and his men to the Saracens. By expressing and acting upon his emotions outside of the framework of war, Ganelon is characterized as unmanly both through his lack of honor and his emotional performance outside the acceptable limits of masculinity. Beyond the social implications of honor and knighthood, male demonstrations of grief in The Song of Roland also serve an essential political purpose. Upon witnessing the deaths of many of his men, Roland is described as â€Å"grieving and filled with bitter rage† (79). This direct contrast, as well as the consistent use of sorrow to motivate violent acts against the Saracens, indicates that grief and violence are closely connected in the narrative. The most explicit connection between grief and revenge occurs as Charlemagne prepares his men for the final battle by telling them to â€Å"avenge your griefs and thus relieve your feelings and your hearts† (135). While the Pagans must be tempted with material gifts such as â€Å"wives† and â€Å"fiefdoms,† the Franks are shown to be compelled towards violence by a deep loyalty and sympathy for their fellow knights (126). Not only does this legitimize the violence of the Franks, but it paints Roland and his men as the righteous heroes of the narrative. Despite the fact that women were typically characterized as the more emotional sex in the Middle Ages, The Song of Roland redefines traditional manhood to include expressions of powerful emotions. Even as men faint and weep on the battlefield, they strengthen their sense of loyalty, brotherhood and honor and rationalize the use of violence to achieve political ends.

The Effects of Hormones and Behavior on Gender Identity

The effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity PSY 340 February 14, 2010 The effects of hormones and behavior on gender identity The formation of gender identity is not completely understood as it is much more complex than just getting a sperm and egg cell to join; an XX or an XY genotype is only the first part in gender identity. There are many biological, psychological and sociological factors involved. The biological includes chromosomes, gonads, prenatal hormones, internal accessory organs, external genital appearance. The psychological includes assigned gender role and gender identity. The sociological could come from family, mass media and society (Kenyon, PhD, 2006). Sammons (2007) states that biological psychology†¦show more content†¦Sammons (2007) states that â€Å"In early intrauterine development male and female external genitalia (visible sex organs) are identical† and exposure to dihydrotestosterone the male genitalia will develop and its absence female genitalia will. Society then tells the child how he should act. Brenbaum (1999) â€Å"has shown clear differences in activ ities and job interests between adolescent boys and girls. But gender role behaviours[sic] may be influenced by the media.† Male adolescent gender role activities according to Berenbaum (1999) include working with engines and electronics, playing or liking football, hunting, washing or waxing the car, playing sports, fishing, and basketball. Female adolescent gender role activities such as thinking about becoming a secretary, needlepoint, going to slumber parties, collecting dolls, trying out for cheerleading, playing dress-up, and playing with make-up. These activities are not programmed into males and females at conception but by the society and the mass media. Parents tell boys to be tough and brave, not to cry or play with dolls; girls are told to be gentle and lady-like, not to play with trucks or play rough sports. Hollywood also perpetuates this idea but making movies with helpless women and tough guys though there are some cross-over changes but they show the men and w omen negatively accepted by their peers. Looking over these two ideas of nature versus nurture orShow MoreRelatedGender Identity Paper Psy 340816 Words   |  4 PagesGender Identity Gender is defined as being male or female as defined by roles, social status, and attitude. The perception of oneself and what characterizes gender identity. Included in gender identity is hormone and behavior interaction, along with the examination of psychological, biological, and environmental influences on sexual separation. Interaction between hormones and behavior has shown to be linked to higher aggression and hostility. The aggression found relates to sexual maturationRead MoreGender Identity1341 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Autumn Messina PSY/340 January 24, 2011 Melynda Marchi Gender Identity The development of our gender identity is influenced by both the biological nature of a person and society, but the biology is the foundation of our gender identity. In the following paragraphs I will be discussing the interaction between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions affect the determination of gender identity, the roles of biological factors nature and environmentalRead MoreGender And Nature Vs. Nurture994 Words   |  4 PagesGender reveal day. A blue middle is exposed by the slice of a cake. Dad perches on a ladder and lathers the nursery with the same sky-blue paint, Mom standing in the middle, rubbing her belly, â€Å"He’ll play football just like you, our little man.† So when the little man grows into a big one, will he play football because of the sports mobile turning above his crib, or because something in himself innately gravitates toward masculine activities? The mechanisms of what creates someone’s gender identityRead More Male and female gender constructs Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesOur cultural beliefs dictate that there are only two biological sexes corresponding to two genders (Newman, 2001). The male and female constructs often carry with them misconceptions and stereotypes, such as the belief that gender and sex are synonymous or that gender assigned at birth indicates a specific preference for toys, interest, clothes, and eventual erotic attraction (Newman, 2001). Males are expected to exhibit masculine personality traits and be attracted to women while females are expectedRead MoreGender Identity1270 Words   |  6 PagesGender Identity Introduction This paper will discuss issues dealing with the roles of biological factors, (nature), and environmental influences, (nurture), on sexual differentiation and gender identity. The author, Troy Stutsman, will evaluate and give a determination as to which has the greater influence on gender identity: nature or nurture. Also discussed will be the current arguments about sexual identity and how evidence from biopsychology which may help to resolve the argument. What isRead MoreGender And Gender Identity And Development1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the years. However, gender identity and development is something that has been both misunderstood and misconstrued by people for quite some time. The differences between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† is quite vast. According to John Carl: Gender is defined as the personal traits and position in society connected with being male or female. For instance, wearing high heels is associated with the female gender, while wearing combat boots is associated with the male gender. Gender is different from sex becauseRead MoreNature or Nurture: the Case of the Boy Who Became a Girl1078 Words   |  5 PagesBrenda will have female behavior and believe he is a girl. From a physical point of view he will not develop secondary characteristics. Based on how hormones work by removing his testicles they denied him of his secondary characteristics. After puberty he would not have testicles to produce testosterone which would make him deficit of his secondary characteristics. 2. If Bruce was not subjected to gender reassignment surgery and raised as a boy, he would express the gender identity of a male. This isRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom and are usually very identified with the particular gender that we happen to be a member of.† This quote by Andrew Cohen explains partially how gender identity develops, through the conditioning of our environments. The most influential factor of gender development, however, is still a very controversial issue. An analysis of the gender identification process reveals two main arguments in what factor most greatly contributes to gender development: biology differences (nature) or the environmentRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Identity Essay1012 Words   |  5 Pages Gender Communication Prior to taking this class I would define gender as one being male or female. Females have particular roles, and males also have particular roles. When I think of females, I think of females being nurturing, loving, caring, and feminine. Males being masculine, athletic, strong, main provider, wearing a suit and tie, whereas females wear dresses, high heels, have long hair. Females seem to be higher maintenance than men. Now I can say gender and gender identity are very muchRead MoreTitle. Several Theories Have Arisen In Attempt To Explain1236 Words   |  5 Pagestheories have arisen in attempt to explain the development of gender roles. Sigmund Freud proposed one of the early theories of gender role development. Freud believed that gender role development was shaped early in childhood when children have intimate feelings for their parent of the other sex and resolve the conflict by identifying with the same-sex parent. While Freud may be correct that early childhood is a critical time period for gender role development, there is very little evidence for his theory

Administration Of The Pethidine To Jordan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.This response is to include the nursing responsibilities and associated rationales prior to the administration of the pethidine to Jordan, the legal nursing responsibilities and associated rationales related to the administration of pethidine to Jordan, and the nursing responsibilities and associated rationales after administering pethidine to Jordan. 2.Describe the structural and functional changes that occur in the patheogenesis of Crohns disease that led to Jordans weight loss and the development of the stricture in Jordans ileum. 3.Describe the characteristics of the intravenous fluid that was ordered for Jordan, and the rationale, related to Jordans specific fluid balance status, for the administration of this intravenous fluid to Jordan. Answers: 1.Pethidine, is a synthetic narcotic analgesic. It is known to compete for the same receptors in the central nervous system as morphine. It poses the risk of addiction, and is comparable to morphine with respect to sedative and tranquilizing effects. However, it is known to produce respiratory depression and analgesia of shorter duration, and induces less smooth muscle spasms (WHO, 2017). It is preferred over morphine for managing inflammatory bowel disorders. The followingnursing responsibilities and rationales are suggested for Pithidine (Perry, Potter, Ostendorf, 2015): Nursing responsibilities and associated rationales prior administration of Pethidine: Prior to administration it the nurse should perform an assessment for any possible adverse reactions. It is also necessary to pay attention to the patients medical history including any allergies, renal, mental, biliary, and any other disorders. Also, the nurse should take into account the physiological laboratory results including CBC, creatinine, liver function tests, and electrolytic balance. It is also imperative for the nurses to obtain the patients drug history so as to determine any possible adverse interactions with drug and any other allergic reactions. Hence, the importantnursing responsibilities involve: Check for drug or herbal interactions Check for allergies Assess baseline physiologic parameters Nursing responsibilities and associated rationales related to administration of Pethidine During drug administration of Pithidine the nurses need to monitor patients vital signs, such as cardiac output, depth and rate of respiration and pulse oximetry as opioids tends to interact with brain receptors, and central venous pressure. The nurses should monitor liver enzyme activity and observe the patient for any signs of abdominal distention, rigidity, and tenderness. It is also important to look for any possible side effects such as light-headedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, sweating, hypothermia and vomiting. The drug may reduce peristaltic activity, resulting in constipation. The nurses need to stay with the patient till the medication has been consumed, so as to ensure the medication has been taken, look for any immediate adverse affects, and provide the necessary assistance. The nurses also need to monitor the neurological status, and interview the patient about pain. The nurses also need to respect the patients refusal of medication, and need to take action accordin gly in case of refusal. However, being an opioid, Pithidine runs the risk of development of dependence, and tolerance to desired effects. Therefore, the dosage consumption should be kept under supervision. Nursing responsibilities and associated rationales after administration of Pethidine Post administration it is the responsibility of the nurse to properly document the administration of medication. The data regarding patients response to drug treatment needs to be documented. The patient needs to be enquired to note any decrease in symptoms for which the medication has been prescribed. The evaluation process involves monitoring for evidences of any therapeutic effects, adverse reactions, side effects, and other physical responses such as heart rhythm, urine output, and blood pressure. The nurses also need to monitor the injection sites for any inflammation, numbness, bleeding, pain or bruise. The nurses also need to evaluate the patients understanding of medication and self administration. 2. Weight loss is one the common symptoms of Crohns disease, which is associated with inflammation in ileum and jejunum. Inflammation in ileum results in discomfort, due to which the patients eat less. The bowel lumen area thus becomes partially obstructed and inflamed due to which the patients lose weight (Hopkins Medicine, 2013). In context of the given patient, Jordan, presents development of stricture which has led to bowel obstruction in his terminal ileum, due to which he is not able to intake varied diet. Due to such complication the patient has lost weight. Development of stricture is the characteristic feature of Crohns disease. The stricture development has been remarked as a sign of efforts of the gastrointestinal tract to heal itself in case of an injury. However, in case of ineffective healing of the organ, the tissue repair precedes maintenance of organ function. This paves way for the formation of strictures, presents large number of smooth muscles cells along with large amounts of collagen. The fibroblasts migrate and proliferate in the area of inflammation, leading to production of collagenous matrix, a characteristic feature of wound healing process. However, in case of chronically inflamed ileum in Crohns disease, the tissue remodelling results in irreversible changes in the smooth muscles phenotype, and the collagen cross linking. The chronicity of inflammation is thus majorly responsible for loss of mucosal compliance, contraction, and mural thickening (Chang et al., 2015; Graham, 1995). This accumulation of abnormal collag en results on symptoms of obstruction which causes narrowing of the lumen, and ultimately causes weight loss. 3. Hartmanns solution was ordered for Jordan. It consists of lactated Ringers solution, named after the US paediatrician who used lactate as a buffer so as to prevent acidosis in septic children. The Hartmanns solution is used for peri-operative maintenance, as the lactate is metabolized to bicarbonate (Svensn Rodhe, 2013). The active ingredients consist of sodium chloride, sodium lactate, calcium chloride dehydrate, and potassium chloride. This multiple electrolyte intravenous solution is meant for restoration of the electrolytic balance in the body, and hydration. This combination of the multiple electrolytic solutions with sodium lactate acts as an alkalinising agent, and helps normalize physiological pH. Sodium being a major cation of extracellular fluid helps maintain the osmotic pressure of body fluids, chloride a major anion of extracellular fluid complements sodium cation maintain acid base balance, electrodynamic character and isotonicity of cells. Potassium a major cation of extracellular fluid, along with calcium also helps maintain fluid composition in body and cell membrane and capillary permeability (Baxter Health Care, 2014). Hence, administration of Hartmanns solution proved to be essential for preventing dehydration, maintain electrolyte imbalance, as the patient is not capable of tolerating oral fluids. References: Baxter Health Care. (2014). Compound sodium lactate (Hartmanns) and modified Hartmanns solution intravenous infusion. Retrieved March 19, 2018, from https://www.baxterhealthcare.com.au/downloads/healthcare_professionals/cmi_pi/compound_sodium_lactate_pi.pdf Chang, C. W., Wong, J. M., Tung, C. C., Shih, I. L., Wang, H. Y., Wei, S. . (2015). Intestinal Stricture in Crohns Disease. Intestinal Research, 13(1), 1926. Graham, M. F. (1995). Pathogenesis of Intestinal Strictures in Crohns Disease-An Update. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 1, 220227. Hopkins Medicine. (2013). Crohns Disease. Retrieved March 19, 2018, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gastroenterology_hepatology/_pdfs/small_large_intestine/crohns_disease.pdf Perry, A. G., Potter, P. A., Ostendorf, W. (2015). Nursing Interventions Clinical Skills. Elsevier Health Sciences. Svensn, C., Rodhe, P. (2013). Intravascular volume replacement therapy. In Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia (pp. 574592). Elsevier Health Sciences. WHO. (2017). Essential medicines and health products information portal a World Health Organization resource. Retrieved March 17, 2018, from https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Jh2929e/7.2.html

The Tempest free essay sample

The concept of the great chain of being, which is the religious hierarchical structure that starts from God and progresses downward to angles, demons, kings, princes, nobles, men and so on. Can be seen throughout the play â€Å"The tempest† written by the author William Shakespeare. One of the main themes of the play shows us how mans greed to rise beyond ones place of power and breaks the chain of command; can cause dire consequences for the characters. Prospero is the main character in â€Å"The Tempest† and is the protagonist of the play. Prospero was once the Duke of Milan, till his brother Antonio plotted against him and over took his position as duke, with the help of Alonso the King of Naples. Prospero then fled with daughter Miranda to an island so they didn’t face execution. This first unnatural change of power has set off a chain reaction for events to come towards Antonio, Alonso and the people around them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tempest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Years later Prospero caused a storm to crash a ship onto his island that contained a group of men that included Antonio, Alonso and his son Ferdinand; with the help of his sprit guide Ariel. While on the island even more mirroring and reversal of order took place between the men. In one event Antonio persuades Sebastian, who is Alonso’s brother, to kill Alonso while he is sleeping. Because once Alonso is dead Sebastian will be the sole heir to the throne †As thou got’st Milan, I’’come by Naples. Draw thy sword; one stroke shall free thee from the tribute which thou payest, and I the king shall love thee. † (Lines 186-189) Another example of characters trying to rise beyond their place of power; is when Trinculo a jester and Stephano a butler think they can become rulers of the island. Caliban is Prospero’s servant on the island and resents him for forcing him to do his bidding; when in his mind he think that’s the island belongs to him and he should be in charge. So when they are all drunk Caliban persuades Stephano to kill Prospero in order to take control of the island â€Å"Monster, I will kill this man, his daughter and I will be King and Queen-save our graces! And Trinculo and thyself shall be viceroys. † (Lines 101-103) Lastly Gonzalo a lord thinks that even he can see himself ruling the island, but he claims he would rule with no commerce, work or sovereignty in his ociety. Once stranded on the island all the characters loose sight of the original chain of command that was once established before they came to the island. All of these characters envision the island as a space of freedom and unrealized potential. As you can see the play †The Tempest† shows us how quickly man is willing to gain new power over people. By rising in their status, by any means necessary. Characters are willing to kill, betray family, and lie to each other to achieve their greedy desires. In the end of the play Prospero is able to confront Alonso and his brother Antonio, who results in Prospero regaining his title as Duke of Milan, This event restores the once broken chain of natural order, and thus putting things back to the way it once was. Showing the underling truth of the concept of the great chain of being. †The implication was that civil rebellion caused the chain to be broken, and according to the doctrine of correspondence, this would have desire consequences in other realms.

Writing a Literature Essay A Complete Guide

Writing a Literature Essay A Complete Guide Although upon entering college, most students are already familiar with essay writing in general and literature essay writing in particular, many of them don’t realize that what is understood under this term on this academic level is quite different from those informal, fairly freeform texts they wrote in high school. The requirements and practices commonly used here are quite different from what you might have been used to. First of all, there isn’t such a thing as a clearly defined literary essay – it is subdivided into many different subtypes, the most important of them being: Analysis essay, where you provide deep insights into a particular literary text, studying its structure, writer’s agenda, imagery, stylistic devices and so on. Its goal it to examine and sometimes evaluate the work in question; Research essay, usually dealing with a broader scope than just a single work of literature; Reaction essay, where you tell about your impressions from reading a text; Persuasive essay, where you try to convince the reader of your point of view; Narrative essay, where you try your hand at storytelling yourself. However, all of them are similar enough for you to be able to learn how to write one of them and get a fairly good idea of how to deal with all the rest. In this literature essay writing guide, we will cover tactics and practices that will help you write literary essays of any types. Selecting a Topic Students are given varying degrees of freedom when writing literature essays. Sometimes you may be assigned a literary work to write about, but are otherwise free to do anything you like with it. Sometimes you are given a rigid topic you cannot alter at all. Sometimes you are given a completely free rein, and can choose whatever you want to write about. However, no matter what your situation is, you should remember two points: Limitations aren’t always a bad thing – when some variants are cut off you don’t have to worry about choosing that much; Even if the topic is assigned, you can often negotiate it with your tutor or instructor. If the changes you want to make aren’t drastic, he can usually be persuaded to meet you halfway. So how does one approach the choice of a topic? Choose a text that interests you or an underlying theme present in more than one text. Why is it important? In what ways understanding this theme in a particular text helps one understand other texts of the same author (or other authors) better? Select a text you know well. Perhaps there is a book you’ve read many times already and always keep finding something new and fascinating about it? If you don’t have to study the text to start writing about it, you have a huge advantage over those who are unfamiliar with it; Don’t be in a hurry to read other analytical works on the text. This will prevent your thinking from being contaminated by other people’s ideas too early on and give you a better opportunity of forming your own opinions and ideas on the text. Try to formulate your topic on your own, without trying to fashion it after typical topics used by other researchers; After you’ve formed your working hypothesis, you may start looking through the literature on the topic to see what other researchers say about the subject. At that point, you may need to change your original intentions because it may turn out that the topic you’ve decided on has already been researched through and through. If the topic turns out to be unoriginal, try to change it for something more unusual – the less-trodden path you take, the better will be the attitude of your instructor. However, make sure to check if the topic you choose has enough information sources to work with, or you risk ending up with a topic you cannot properly work with because you don’t have a body of research to rely on. In the end, you should get a topic that you are comfortable with, that is at least somewhat different from the majority of papers dealing with the text in question and that has enough information sources to build your thesis on. Here are some examples you may use: The Theme of Duality in The Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens; The Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet; Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Tunnel in the Sky by Robert Heinlein: Two Takes on a Single Issue; Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse as a Modern Quest Narrative; Fight Club as an Epitome of Disillusionment Genre. Working with Sources: Important Tips from Our Writers When writing a literature essay of any type you are going to work with two general types of sources: The primary source is the text you research. It is the primary literary work your research is based on. Even if you study entire creative work done by a particular author, one of his texts usually plays a more important role than the others – that would be your primary text for such a paper; Secondary sources are all the other sources of information you use: critical articles, analytical works, blog posts, reviews, author’s comments and any other writings concerning the primary text; If nobody has written about the exact combination of the topic and the text, what about books about the same topic in other works by the author or other authors connected to the one you write about (e.g., from the same time period or literary school)? Your best bet at finding what you need is using specialized search engines and academic databases like JSTOR, Google Scholar or a discipline-specific one like ProQuest Literature Online. These contain not just academic articles and other kinds of publications, but information about how many times they have been referred to in other sources and other useful data. Preparing an Outline An outline is basically just a plan of your essay. It may be more or less detailed depending on your preferences and writing style, but the idea remains the same. You write down: the main points and probably entire sentences from introduction and conclusion (because they are short and the success of your essay depends very much on how well you manage to present them); the entirety of your thesis statement (again, because it is a short and very important part of your essay); the main points of each supporting paragraph, along with sources to refer to in each of them. Usually after writing an introduction and thesis statement, you use one reference to the primary text that supports your main point and then support it with a few references to the secondary sources. Formulating a Thesis Statement Your thesis statement is the gist of your paper reduced to one, possibly two sentences. In short, it is the main thought behind your essay – quite often, it is your interpretation of the text you work on. A thesis statement is usually located at the end of the introduction: after you’ve already grasped the attention of your reader but before you started discussing the text in earnest. It is important to understand that a thesis statement and a topic are two different things. The topic is the general subject area you are discussing in your essay, e.g., â€Å"The Theme of Poverty in the Creative Work of Charles Dickens†. The thesis statement is exactly what it says on the tin – a statement you make concerning the topic, it is the result of your research or just your opinion. For example, â€Å"Charles Dickens’ descriptions of poverty in his creative work stem from his personal experiences as a young man† would be a thesis statement. Writing the Body of the Essay The body of your essay is reserved for the development of your central idea. A good rule of a thumb to follow is to have no less than three body paragraph for a 500-700 word essay, each covering a single point supporting your primary argument. Each paragraph of the essay’s body should contain a topic sentence followed by explanations and textual evidence. A topic sentence (normally the first sentence of a paragraph) states one of the topics connected with your thesis and how exactly this topic supports the central idea of your essay. Evidence should come either from the primary text or secondary sources, with the former being the more important one. It comes in four types: Summary – short retelling of the text; Paraphrase – retelling of the text’s fragments in your own words; Specific details – here you don’t retell a part of the text but rather draw the reader’s attention to a small part of it; Direct quotations – fragments of the text repeated word for word in accordance with your formatting style. Writing Introduction and Conclusion Write a thesis statement first and leave the rest of the introduction for later. The most often advised approach is to write it last of all, even after the conclusion – this way you will already know what is present in your essay and won’t have to remake anything to meet the requirements that changed along with the contents of your paper. Start with a hook to catch the attention of the reader. It may be: a quotation from the primary text or a secondary source; a highly unusual or controversial idea about the primary text; a fact from the life of the author relevant to your thesis statement; or anything at all as long as you can make it work. After that, provide some background information and smoothly go on to your thesis statement. Complying with the Format Traditionally, literature essays are written in MLA format; you may find the most important instructions for writing in it here. If you want a more in-depth guide, look for a paper copy of a style guide in a library. Unless stated otherwise, most literature essays are written in 12pt, Times New Roman font. Proofreading If you can afford it, there should be an interval between when you finish writing per se and start proofreading your essay. Trying to make corrections immediately after finishing writing is ineffective the impression is still too fresh, and you are too much inclined to jump over the familiar sentences, missing mistakes and stylistic flaws. When proofreading a literature essay you should pay attention not just to actual errors in grammar, spelling and syntax, but to style as well. Stylistic requirements here are less rigid than in, let’s say, psychology essays, but they are still present: Don’t use personal pronouns. Words like â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, â€Å"you† etc. make your writing too personal, while you have to maintain objective academic tone; Use transitional words and expressions like â€Å"therefore†, â€Å"so†, â€Å"thus†, â€Å"so far† etc. to connect paragraphs with each other and make the flow of your essay smoother; Make sure you stick to one idea throughout your essay. The main goal of any essay it to drive home a point made in thesis statement, and you should pursue this goal with every sentence and every word. If on rereading the essay you see that certain elements are superfluous for that purpose, eliminate them without remorse; Get somebody else to read your essay, preferably somebody whom you can trust to do it attentively. Ask them if they find the flow of ideas logical, if there are any loose ends you have to deal with, if there is enough evidence backing up each point; Use some tricks to change the way you perceive your essay and find more potential flaws. For example, read it out loud – if you stumble upon a fragment, there is a high chance of it needing revision. Or change the font and its size and print it out – when the words and sentences look differently from the way you are used to, you pay more attention to them. We hope that these literature essay tips will turn writing your next literature essay into an enjoyable and easy experience – when you know what you are doing, no task ever appears to be too hard!

The Importance of Management Control on the Organisation Research Paper

The Importance of Management Control on the Organisation - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that management control was defined as â€Å"the process by which managers assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and efficiently in the accomplishment of the organizations' objective". The twin objectives of efficiency and effectiveness are obvious and as to which should be given importance between is silent on the definition and this is one of the issues that this paper will tackle. It may be seen in the definition that the accomplishment of both effectiveness and efficiency are necessary if management control is to be considered as such. Accomplish both objectives are easier said done. Effectiveness may refer to getting things done but in so doing the same may result in inefficiency as the latter concept has something to do with cost-effectiveness or doing something at the least cost. The need therefore to strike the balance between the two objectives becomes necessary. Just like any other concept which evolves over time, management control ’s definition was later found modified in the light of the bigger role that it plays in organization management by connecting the control systems within implementing strategy. Thus, after about three decades after the definition made earlier, management control was defined as â€Å"the process by which managers influence other members of the organization to implement the organization's strategies." One cannot discuss therefore the concept of management control without regard for the correct organization’s strategies. Strategies, of course, may have its basis from external and internal environments of the organization. By dealing with strategies it would, therefore, expand the traditional or limited definition of management control. Management control necessarily connotes measurable objectives to attain and therefore accounting information which is quantitative in character and therefore measurable should be easily accepted as part of the concept of control.

Business Intelligence - Assignment 2 Case Study

Business Intelligence - Assignment 2 - Case Study Example They did their best for their business to be competitive among market. However, they are running their business on website and have other small databases handling small different departments of organizations; moreover, giving best at their marketing department but though that is not enough to compete business in this technical world of computers. In other words, IT world has change the way to trade; the way of in-house management and the way to sale their production. The CEO, Mr. Peter Rada of Teen_R_Us concede this when he attended industry conference where business intelligence was discussed. He was keen to implement Business Intelligent solution for his business consisting of a web analytics, the data ware house, an OLAP system and data mining capabilities. A companied with Mr. Ben Etton, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the company and Mr. Jean Price, the senior accountant of the company worked out on this new technical change for the company and ask for different proposals explaining business system with its components in detail and their specific implementations. They set their budget that affords a system in every two years and though wants the priority implementations of the whole system in ten years. Business Intelligence is a collective word, which describes a deep analysis on the trade made for last few years. This is a system, which shows up with concepts and methods to improve business. In other words, business intelligence is the name of analysis made upon the past information of the organization along with providing data management of the organization using different latest tools and technologies. It more over allows the business users and other management to keep the records of all critical activities took place in form of data mining carrying in a collective data called data ware house. This business intelligence system provides reports in a style that are practically used by senior managers, leads and other members of team. These reports help the business royals to take actions in positive successive way towards their organization. Though making decisions on information provided by the organization doesn't covers the whole business; as business is the name of management of production and it's trading. Data Mining may allow analyzing for the futuristic step taken for the company's growth; data warehouse might keep the records of all trades but more important to all this is to make the production in demand. To satisfy the customers by giving the best in services. To make more and more customers by providing them with products they need in a comfortable price range. This all is about marketing which may be performed by web analytics; i.e., providing the trade online to its customers in a form of website. More parleying about business information is that it's a process to enhance business in a competitive means giving advantage to business by using the available data for decision-making. Major five steps for business intelligence are as follows: Data Sources Data Analysis Situation Awareness Risk Assessment Decision Support Data Sources: Business intelligence system needs data extraction and that can be done from report, emails, memos, documents, images, sounds, formatted texts, web pages and other list. The data is sourced electronically so that it can further used by the business intelligence system installed on an electronic machine like computer. Though,

Video game addiction Essay Example for Free

Video game addiction Essay This chapter presents the introduction, background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study, scope and delimitation, the conceptual framework and the definition of terms. INTRODUCTION It was not long ago when computers were very big and most people could not afford to buy one. Over the years, computers have not only gotten smaller, but also less expensive and more powerful. Today, many people can afford to buy their own computer. You can see a computer in use almost everywhere. Computer is an electronic machine used to process data. It changes data into useful information. It is controlled by commands or instructions. These commands or instructions tell it what to do. Computers come in different shapes and sizes and they serve many purposes. They range from the tiny computers built into appliances and cars the large mainframe computers used to run big business. This device or computer program provides entertainment by challenging a persons eye-hand coordination or mental abilities. Made possible by the development of the microprocessor, electronic games are marketed in various formats, such as hand-held one-player models, cartridges or compact discs that are inserted in modules attached to television sets, computer programs run on personal or network computers, and freestanding arcade versions. Most of their appeal comes from the computer program that synchronizes flashing lights and a variety of sounds with the movie like animated action portrayed on a graphic display. In modern society, it is very common in playing computer games. Even though computer games are common in our life, they have not only good effects, but also bad effect, especially to pupils. Moreover, even though parents know that pupils play computer games too much, they do not know that why pupils are widely excited at computer games, and what the bad effects of computer games are. There are two main causes that pupils play computer games too much. In addition, playing computer games too much has two main effects. The first reason that pupils play computer games too much is very simple, because computer games are very fun. Computer games relieve stress. Therefore, computer games have very splendid violent content. There has long been the believed that violent content may teach violent behaviour to the young. Moreover, Barrie Gunter asserted, Playing computer or video games with violent themes results in the heightening of perceptions of risk or danger in the real world, He declared that the power of video or computer games may also be derived from the feeling of control which they stimulate in young players. Thus, computer games drive pupils more violent. Besides, pupils could misunderstand that they are computer games character. In the municipality of Atimonan, Quezon are lots of computer shop near the school site where the computer games are open to play it and the researcher found out that most of those who frequently play computer games are the elementary grades pupils. In fact computer games have effects to the players especially to the children. This situation paved the way for the idea to become interested in her study and wanted to determine the effects of playing computer games has affect to the pupils’ academic performance. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researcher aimed to determine the effects of computer games in Academic Performance as perceived by the Grade V pupils’ in Our Lady of the Angels Academy (OLAA) during the school year 2011-2012. Specifically, this seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the Profile of Grade V Pupils’ in OLAA in terms of: * Sex * Age * Family Monthly Income * Parents Educational Attainment 2. When do they usually play the computer games? 3. Where do they usually play the computer games per week? 4. How much time do they spend playing computer games per day? 5. Where do they get money for computer games? 6. What kind of computer games-machine do they usually play? 7. What are the perceived effects of computer games on the Grade V Pupils’ in terms of * Study Habits * Academic Achievement * Physical Skills * Emotional Stability 8. In what aspects do computer games have the most impact? 9. In what aspects do computer have the least impact? STATEMENT OF NULL HYPOTHESIS There is no significant effect of playing Computer Games in the pupils’ academic performance. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY In the world of technology and innovation, computer games have played an important role. There are constantly developing new strategies, techniques such that the games become increasingly appealing and exciting. It is hoped that the result of this study would be a great help to the teachers as well as to the parents for they would know the effects of playing computer games as perceived by Grade V pupils’ of Our Lady of the Angels Academy Atimonan, Quezon. To the Teachers, The findings of this study will enable the teachers to discover the positive effects of computer games and not see only the negative side. Since computer is medium of communication. To the parents, the results of this study will be a great help to them especially when they bothered about their children who spend too playing computer games. To the students, the results of this research will surely benefit the students. With this, they will start to realize that computer games can influence their academic performance in school. To the researcher, as a future teacher will also be the one who can help to encouraging and arouse the interest of the pupils’ to gain higher grades in the academic and to know the limitations of playing computer games. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY In order to gather the academic performance of the students, the researcher asked permission from the principal and their teacher to get their scholastic performance in order to know how the respondents perform in terms of their academic performance. By means of purposive sampling, the researcher has 34 pupils, nineteen (19) male and fifteen (15) female, which composed of only one section of Grade V pupils’ in Our Lady of the Angels Academy. The researcher only considers the scholastic performance of the Grade IV Pupils’ of Our Lady of the Angels Academy during 1st to 3rd grading period to get their academic performance. The researcher gets their average grade to determine their overall academic performance. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. Generally the effect of Computer Games Specifically the study aims to: 1. Avoid too much playing computer Games 2. Avoid low Failing Grades of Academic Performances. 3. Spend much time on studies. 4. Avoid change attitude. RESEARCH PARADIGM DEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES Perceived Effects of Computer Games in the Academic Performance of Grade IV Pupils’ of OLAA in terms of: * Study Habits * Academic Achievement * Physical Skills * Emotional Stability Perceived Effects of Computer Games in the Academic Performance of Grade IV. Pupils’ of OLAA in terms of: * Study Habits * Academic Achievement * Physical Skills * Emotional Stability MODERATING VARIABLES MODERATING VARIABLES Computer Games * Dota * Crazykart * Farmville * Special Force * CABAl * Ninja Saga * Cityville * Plants vs. Zombie * RAAN * Other , please specify Computer Games * Dota * Crazykart * Farmville * Special Force * CABAl * Ninja Saga * Cityville * Plants vs. Zombie * RAAN * Other , please specify INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Profile of Grade IV Pupils’ of OLAA in terms of: * Gender * Age * Their Computer Games Exposure Profile of Grade IV Pupils’ of OLAA in terms of: * Gender * Age * Their Computer Games Exposure Figure 1 this figure shows that the Relationship among the Independent Variables, Moderating Variables and Dependent Variables. Since, this study centered on determining the effects of computer games in the academic performance of the Grade V Pupils’, the researcher has developed a paradigm that shows the relationship of the independent variables moderating variables and the dependent variables. Hence, as shown in Figure I, Perceived effects of computer games in the academic performance of the Grade IV pupils’ (Box 2) is dependent upon their inherent ability to despondence ( Box 1). This is influenced by the dependent ( Box 2) such as the differences academic performance of the pupils’. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS To make this study more understand for the readers and to avoid confusion for this research to work. The following terms were defined. * Computer an electronic machine used to process data. It changes data into useful information. It is controlled by commands or instructions. * Academic Performance concerns about the information of study habit, academic achievement, involving scholastic rating and development of cognitive skills, improvement of motor skills, enriching affective skills. * Video Games refers to kind of muscle or mental exercise indulged into by some persons for purposes of relaxation which is necessary for maintenance of one’s health. * Computer Games pertains to the mental exercise using modern devices such as video machine, family computer, Atari, or others which attract younger pupils especially to grade school children. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter presents pertinent review of related literature and studies which is relevant to the research. RELATED LITERATURE Today almost all of us have electronic devices at home for us to be comfortable and handy at times. But it also has a negative effect on children, especially students. Parents usually buy computers for their children educational resource. But students who always seek to fun activities around them use computer to play games, chat with their friends and to catch up with the latest gossip on celebrities. And before they know it they are already addicted to computer. Computer can cause students to be physically, and mentally ill, and the more the child spends more time on the computer, the more he or she loses time to focus on academics, and to talk to their family. Computers, video games, and the internet have become entrenched features of our daily lives. Computer use has reached beyond work and is now a major source of fun and entertainment for many people. For most people, computer use and video game play integrated into their lives in a balanced healthy manner. For other time spent on the computer or video game is out of balance, and has displaced work, school, friends, and even family. According to Gentile (2004), computer games are natural teachers. Children find them highly motivating by virtue of their interactive nature. Children are actively engaged, provide repeated practice, and include rewards for skilful play. These facts make it likely that computer games could have large effects, some of which are intended by game designers, and some of which may not be intended. The data about childrens video game habits are correlated with risk factors for health and with poorer academic performance. When video game play is analyzed for violent content, additional risk factors are observed for aggressive behavior. Fisher (2006) stated that, theres also another type of computer addiction thats been identified, which has been labelled positive addiction. It may sound like a contradiction of terms, but having a positive addiction is defined as obsessive behavior in which the benefits received outweigh the cost of the addiction. There are many ways in which immersing one into the computer can actually help make a person a better, healthier, more aware human being. Not all the stuff on the Internet is bad, by any means. Theres an incredible wealth of valuable, enriching material available in an endless variety in cyberspace, as well. In addition, there are a growing number of researchers who argues that meeting someone online may actually be a more intimate and revealing experience than face to face contact, because youre communicating your thoughts, feelings, and emotions in a more real way, free of the game playing and posturing that often accompanies real world dating. You get to know the inner person in a more direct, spontaneous way without worrying about facial expressions or inflections of the other persons voice. In a very real way, couples who made their first contact online often know each other in a deeper, more intimate way than couples who meet in the outside world. Further, it is important to remember that even if a person spends a significant amount of time on the computer every day, that doesnt necessarily mean that the person is negatively addicted. Spending a considerable amount of time online doesnt always ruin a persons life or the lives of the other people. There are people who use their computers to reach out to others in a meaningful way and use the awesome power and positive aspects of the Internet to learn and grow in every area of their lives and to become better people. On the other hand, Portal (2007) stated that, compulsive gaming is already considered a psychological disorder. The growing number of students suffering from computer game addiction and video game addiction can be puzzling for many people. What the people don’t realize is that any form of addiction roots from things that used to be harmless. Just like in gambling, virtual games bring a sense of fun, thrill and excitement when played, these feelings actually make the game more appealing and engaging and addictive. The seriousness of video game addiction and computer game addiction has gone unnoticed. It managed to sneak from a good thing that turns out bad due to abuse and bad usage. Moreover, Kranz (2008) stated that the seriousness of the issues caused by computer game addiction and video game addiction was even claimed to have created a new face of addiction in modern-day societies. Since this kind of addiction roots from seemingly harmless sources, what leads to addiction is the peoples abuse to the effects or benefits that they bring. Since no one will ever prevent using computer these days, at work or in school, theorists predict that this kind of disorder will be much harder to manage. When time spent on the computer, playing computer games or cruising the internet reaches a point that is harm a child’s or adult’s family and social relationships, or disrupt school or work life, that person may be caught in a circle of addiction. Like other addiction, the computer or video game has replaced friends and family as a source of person’s emotional life. Increasingly, to feel good, the addicted person spends more time playing video games or searching the internet. Time away from the computer or game causes moodiness or withdrawal. RELATED STUDIES According to Matt cited by Walsh that the most widely used positive impact computer games are said to have on children is that they may improve a players manual dexterity and computer literacy. Ever-improving technology also provides players with better graphics that give a more realistic virtual playing experience. This quality makes the computer game industry a powerful force in many adolescent lives. However, numerous studies show that computer games, especially ones with violent content, make teens more aggressive. In another study conducted by Gentile cited by Anderson that adolescent girls played computer games for an average of 5 hours a week, whereas boys averaged 13 hours a week. According to Anderson cited by Gentile that playing computer games may increase aggressive behavior because violent acts are continually repeated throughout the computer game. This method of repetition has long been considered an effective teaching method in reinforcing learning patterns. According to Anderson cited by Bushman that games also encourage players to identify with and role plays their favourite character. This is referred to as a first-person video game because players are able to make decisions affecting the actions of the character they are imitating. After a limited amount of time playing a violent video game, a player can automatically prime aggressive thoughts. The researchers concluded that players who had prior experience playing violent video games responded with an increased level of aggression when they encountered confrontation. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHOD OF RESEARCH USED This study used descriptive method of research because the descriptive method is designed for the investigator to gather information, about present existing conditions. It evolves collection of data in order to test or to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject under study which measures the existing phenomenon the students; hence the aforementioned research method was adopted. RESEARCH LOCALE The researcher has chosen Our lady of the Angels Academy as her place where the study will be conducted. Our lady of the Angels Academy was located at Quezon Street of Zone I Poblacion in Atimonan, Quezon. It has good location and conducive for the pupils to learn. The community has various resources which support and help the school. The community has a large number of population going to school. RESEARCH SAMPLE The researcher use purposive. She decided to study all Grade-IV pupils of Our lady of the Angels Academy because the total population of Grade IV pupils are twenty-two (22). These selected Grade IV pupils are composed of 22. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE In order to gather data the needed data, the researcher made preliminary steps. The researcher asked permission from the principal of Our Lady of the Angels Academy to allow to conduct her study and to use pupils as respondents. The researcher gave Questionnaire to the pupils and the classroom adviser gave their permission. The direction of the questionnaire was fully explained by the researcher before the class to avoid misinterpretation. After answering, the questionnaire were collected and counted by the researcher. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTATION The researcher uses a survey questionnaire as her main instrument in gathering the necessary data. This questionnaire is composed of the following partws|: Part I – Respondents Personal Data Part II– Computer Games Exposure Part III– Effect of Computer Game to the pupils. STATICTICAL TREATMENT In analyzing the data, the Percentage and Weighted Mean Formula as shown below was used. P=FNx100 Where: P=Percentage F=Total number of responses N=Total number of respondents WM=5n+4n+3n+2n+nN Where: WM=Weighted Mean n=Number of frequency responses N=Total number of respondents. Result was interpreted using the scale below: Point Scale| Range Interval| Description| 5| 4. 21-5. 00| SA| 4| 3. 41-4. 20| A| 3| 2. 61-3. 40| U| 2| 1. 81-2. 60| D| 1| 1. 00-1. 80| SD| Appendix B1 QUESTIONNAIRE PART I – Respondents Personal Data A. SEX [ ] Male[ ] Female B. AGE [ ] 8-10 years old[ ] 11-13 years old[ ] other, please specify C. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME: [ ] less than P 5000[ ] Php. 8000 9000 [ ] Php. 5000 – 6000[ ] Php. 9000 10000 [ ] Php. 6000 – 7000[ ] more than P 10000 [ ] Php. 7000 – 8000 D. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUR FATHER: [ ] Elementary Graduate[ ] College Undergraduate. [ ] High school Graduate[ ] College Graduate E. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUR MOTHER [ ] Elementary Graduate[ ] College Undergraduate [ ] High school Graduate[ ] College Graduate PART II – COMPUTER GAMES EXPOSURE This part will determine your computer games exposure. Please answer honestly. 1. When do you usually play the computer games? [ ] during Saturday and Sunday [ ] before going to school [ ] before break time [ ] after class hour [ ] during my free time 2. Where do you usually play the computer games? [ ] at home [ ] at amusement center [ ] at internet cafe [ ] at computer shop [ ] other, please specify 3. How much do you spend for computer games? [ ] P5. 00-P10. 00 [ ] P16. 00-P20. 00 [ ] P25. 00-P30. 00 [ ] P45. 00 and above 4. How much time do you spend playing computer games? [ ] 1-2 hours[ ] 5-6 hours [ ] 3-4 hours[ ] More than 6 hours 5. Where do you get the money you spend for the game? [ ] Parents [ ] Allowance [ ] Savings [ ] other, please specify 6. What kind of computer games-machine do you usually play? [ ] Family computer[ ] Netbook [ ] Personal software process (PSP)[ ] Laptop [ ] Game boy[ ] Other, please specify [ ] Cellphone 7. What types of computer games do you usually play? [ ] DOTA[ ] Ninja Saga. [ ] Crazykart[ ] Cityville [ ] Farmville[ ] Plants vs. Zombies [ ] Special force[ ] RAN [ ] CABAL[ ] other, please specify Part III- EFFECT OF COMPUTER GAME TO THE PUPILS This part will determine the effect of computer games with regards to your study habit, academic achievement, physical skill, and emotional stability. Please check ( / ) the data which correspondent to your answer. Where:SA Strongly Agree= 5 A Agree= 4 UUncertain= 3 DDisagree= 2 SD Strongly Agree= 1 A. STUDY HABITS ITEMS| (SA)5| (A)4| (U)3| (D)2| (SD)1| 1. I prefer to play computer games first before I make my assignment| | | | | | 2. I love computer games more than I enjoy my school lessons. | | | | | | 3. I enjoy playing computer games than making my assignment. | | | | | | 4. I spend much time in playing this game than studying my lessons. | | | | | | 5. I skip class just to play computer games. | | | | | | 6. I prefer to play computer games than reading. | | | | | | 7. Computer games make me less interested in studying. | | | | | | 8. I want to play computer games than to learn new things related to my study. | | | | | | 9. When I have a vacant time I always think that I want to play computer games. | | | | | | 10. I am so engrossed in playing Computer games that I forget the task hand. | | | | | | B. ACADEMIC ACHIVEMENT ITEMS| (SA)5| (A)4| (U)3| (D)2| (SD)1| 1. I still get good grades in examination although I’m an avid player of computer games. | | | | | | 2. Playing computer games help me a lot to improve my analytical skills. | | | | | | 3. I have less time studying because of computer games that is why I participate less in class discussion. | | | | | | 4. I play computer games because it helps me increase my reasoning ability. | | | | | | 5. A computer game helps me improve my mathematical skills. | | | | | | 6. I play computer games because it helps me explore new word/words. | | | | | | 7. I play computer games because it helps me to be creative. | | | | | | 8. My grade in school is affected because of computer games. | | | | | | 9. I play computer games because it provides indirect opportunities to learn principles that help me in lessons. | | | | | | 10. I play computer games because it helps me to learn follow instruction. | | | | | | C. PHYSICAL SKILLS ITEMS| (SA)| (A)| (U)| (D)| (SD)| 1. Computer games improve my hand coordination. | | | | | | 2. I feel so energetic and active in group activity. | | | | | | 3. After playing computer games, I feel refreshed. | | | | | | 4. Playing computer games helps me improve my eyesight. | | | | | | 5. A computer game helps me in my sense of hearing. | | | | | | 6. It helps me to develop skills involving movement. | | | | | | 7. It helps me to enhance my own unique way. | | | | | | 8. It helps me to develop my gross motor skills. | | | | | | 9. It helps me to grow my progression of developmental milestones. | | | | | | 10. It helps me to progress my own individual skills. | | | | | | D. EMOTIONAL STABILITY ITEMS| (SA)5| (A)4| (U)3| (D)2| (SD)1| 1. I feel that computer games it lessen my emotional problems. | | | | | | 2. A computer game helps me not to feel bad whenever my friends are not around. | | | | | | 3. Computer game helps me to gain confidence. | | | | | | 4. Computer game helps me to appreciate the efforts of others. | | | | | | 5. Computer game helps me to understand the behaviours of others whenever bad or goods. | | | | | | 6. It helps me to express my feeling to others. | | | | | | 7. Computer game helps me to share my emotional problems to my parents. | | | | | | 8. Computer games help me to express my opinions and ideas. | | | | | | 9. Computer games help me to respect others. | | | | | | 10. Computer games help me to be independent. Esteban, Clifford P. 2010. â€Å"The Amazing World of Computers†. Quezon City, Philippines: PHOENIX Publishing House, Inc. Pgs. 1-. 6 [ 2 ]. http://education. yahoo. com/reference/encyclopedia/entry/electroG [ 3 ]. http://www. scribd. com/effectsofcomputergmes. ph [ 4 ]. http://www. scribd. com/effectsofcomputergmes. ph [ 5 ]. https://www. oppapers. com/join. php Article â€Å"Effects of Computer Games† [ 6 ]. . (www.mediafamily. org/facts/facts_gameaddiction. shtml) [ 7 ]. (http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0816/is_6_21/ai_n9772319/) [ 8 ]. (http://www. clickingaddict. com/positive_computer_addiction. html) [ 9 ]. (http://hubpages. com/hub/Computer-Gaming-Addiction). [ 10 ]. (http://www. artipot. com/articles/208460/video-games-the-modern-day- addiction. htm). [ 11 ]. (www. asiafinest. com/forum/index. php? showtopic=19726) [ 12 ]. Walsh, D. (2000). Interactive violence and children: Testimony submitted to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate. (March 21, 2000.) [ 13 ]. Gentile, D. A. , Lynch, P. , Linder, J. Walsh, D. (2004). The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 5-22. [ 14 ]. Gentile, D. A. Anderson, C. A. (2003). Violent video games: The newest media violence hazard. In D. A. Gentile (Ed. ), Media violence and children. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishing. [ 15 ]. B ushman, B. Anderson, C. (2002). Violent Video Games and Hostile Expectations: A Test of the General Aggression Model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1679-1686.

Positives of TV :: Television

Many years ago, almost no one had a television set. Now there are more houses with TV than ever. There is a lot of discussion about whether television is a good or bad influence for family life. There are many negative points and also many positive ones. Now I will run through some of each. One of the first reasons why parents should limit the amount of time their children spend watching TV is that children read less and watch TV more and of course this will lead into a lack of exercise. Therefore parents should help their children watch TV and read equally. Plus encourage them to move a lot due to the increase in number of obese people and practice other activities. Another complaint is that there is too much violence and sexual reference that can be accessed easily by children, this can destroy a young child's mind easily. Watching violent television programs teaches aggressive attitudes and behaviors and the children might try to imitate the bad behavior that these programs show, and bad expression because they wants to act like them as adults by thinking this is the right thing. Moreover, parents must have control and know what programs their children are watching. TV has many positive points, as it is considered an extremely valuable machine that provides us with relaxation and education. For example, People who have been working hard all day will look forward to watch an episode of a favorite show. This period of relaxation will reduce their stress and leaves viewers refreshed and ready to take all works again. Besides it?s a good option for parents who are tried trying to entertain their kids, to sit them down in front of a cartoon to take some rest. However it must not be done frequently. Secondly, the most important point about television is getting education. Children can learn colors, numbers, and letters from programs that shows on televisions like Barney. Also, it provides us with valuable information by covering important events and current news.

Results and Discussion Sample

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The measurement that were recorded from the experiment focused more on how the orange peel affect the growth of the mung bean plant over the course of the experiment. Table 1. Effect of Orange Peel to the Mung Bean Plant Trial 1| Orange Peel Growth Enhancer| Commercial Growth Enhancer| Pot 1| Week 1| Week 2| Week 1| | The mung bean plant sprouted a little. | The mung bean plant grew faster after putting a large amount of orange peel. | The mung bean plant grew faster. Trial 2| Orange PeelGrowth Enhancer| CommercialGrowth Enhancer| Pot 1| Week 1| Week 2 | Week 1| | The mung bean plant sprouted a little. | The mung bean plant grew faster after putting a large amount of orange peel. | The mung bean plant grew faster. | Table 1 shows the growth of the mung bean plant during a two-week period in two trials. As the table shows, when you put little amount of orange peel to the plant and when you put a large amount of orange peel to the plant. The mung bean plant grows faster using commercial growth enhancer. But using the orange peel as growth enhancer is somehow effective. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusions Based from the data gathered, the researchers conclude that the orange peel can be a good growth enhancer to mung bean plant. It gives a fast reaction to the plant. It has the same effect with commercial growth enhancers on mung bean plant. Recommendations Based from the drawn conclusions, the researchers recommend the following: 1. Conduct more reliable test using varied plants and test whether the growth enhancer will really help in faster plant growth. 2. Apply different measurement of the materials. Since putting a lot the orange peel to the plant gives faster reaction, try to apply less amount of it and test it. 3. Make one or more of the growth enhancer, and with different measurement of the materials, test whether it is more effective if you apply more orange peel or if it still effective if you put less orange peel to the plant.

Questions On Foundations Of Nursing - 1298 Words

HNB1102 Foundations of Nursing Name: Annie Ly ID: 3900965 Word Count: Lecturer: Sujashan The â€Å"No Lift† approach is advocated by Worksafe Victoria as best practice for patient manual handling in the healthcare industry. Identify two (2) control measures that fit under this â€Å"No Lift† approach and discuss how they reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries faced by nurses within Australia health care settings. Nurses today, are currently facing a common work-related health condition, jeopardizing their full capability to perform efficiently at work. The arising matter in the nursing profession within Australia is called the musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). ‘MSD is the presence of discomfort or damage within the muscles, skeletal system, joints, connective tissues, associated nerves and or soft tissues’ (Smith Leggat, 2003). MSD also involves ‘lower back pains, spinal disk generation, disk prolapse, muscle tears and spinal fractures causing pain continually or in a specific manner so it differs’ (Smith Leggat, 2003). This work-related back injury appears due to ‘the physical demands in the nursing profession, particularly when it comes to patient manual handling and due to the lack of proper education and training’ (Mitchell, O’Sullivan, Burnette, Straker, Rudd, 2008). To reduce and prevent these injuries faced by nurses within Australia health care settings, Worksafe Victoria adopted and advocated the â€Å"No Lift† approachShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nursing Coat of Arms1144 Words   |  5 PagesNursing is a profession whose focus is not only to care for the physical aspects of an illness but also to integrate the psychological, spiritual, and social aspects of the client’s life into their care. 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